A

Adorno, Theodor Weisengrund (1903-1969)

Al-Farabi, Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad  ibn Tarkhan ibn Awzalagh (870-950)

Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad (1058-1111)

Al-Khayyam, Omar (1044-1123)

Al-Khwarizmi, Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Musa (c. 780-c. 850)

Al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf Yakub ibn Ishaq (803-873)

Al-Mutanabbi (915-965)

Ampère, André Marie (1775-1836)

Anassagora (c. 500-428 B.C.)

Apion (first century)

Apollonius Molon (first century B.C.)

Aquino, San Tommaso (1225-1274)

Archimede (287-212 a.C.)

Arendt, Hannah (1906-1975)

Aristotele (384-322 a.C.)

Agostino, Santo (354-430)

Aurelius, Marcus (121-180)

Averroè – Abul-Waleed Muhammad ibn Rushd (1126-1198)

Avicenna – Abul Ali al-Husayn ibn Abd Allah ibn Sina (980-1037)

B

Babbage, Charles (1792-1871)

Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750)

Bacon, Ruggero (c. 1214-1294)

Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von (1835-1917)

Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich (1814-1876)

Baudrillard, Jean (n. 1929)

Beethoven, Ludvig van (1770-1827)

Bell, Alexander Graham (1847-1922)

Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832)

Bergson, Henri (1859-1941)

Berkeley, George (1685-1753)

Berliner, Emile (1851-1929)

Bernoulli, Daniel (1700-1782)

Bethe, Hans Albrecht (b. 1906)

Bohm, David (1917-1992)

Bohr, Niels (1885-1962)

Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844-1906)

Boole, George (1815-1864)

Braun, Werner von (1912-1977)

Brecht, Bertolt (1898-1956)

Broglie, Louis Victor de (1892-1987)

Bromley, David Allan (b. 1926)

Buber, Martin (1878-1965)

Buddha – Siddhartha Gautama (c. 563-c. 483 a.C.)

Bunge, Mario (n. 1919)

Burke, Edmund (1729-1797)

C

Camus, Albert (1913-1960)

Cardano, Gerolamo – Geronimo (1501-1576)

Carlson, Chester Floyd (1906-1968)

Carnap, Rudolph (1891-1970)

Carnegie, Andrew (1835-1919)

Carnot, Sadi (1796-1832)

Cassirer, Ernst (1874-1945)

Chomsky, Noam (b. 1928)

Chopin, Frédéric François (1810-1849)

Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 a.C.)

Clausewitz, Carl von (1780-1831)

Confucius – Master Kong (551-479 a.C.)

Copernicus, Nicholas (1473-1543)

Crick, Francis Harry Compton (1916-2004)

Curie, Marie – Manja Sklodowska (1867-1934)

D

da Vinci, Leonardo (1452-1519)

Dante, Alighieri (1265-1321)

Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882)

Deleuze, Gilles (1925-1995)

Deming, William Edwards (1900-1993)

Democrito (c. 460-c. 370 a.C.)

Derrida, Jacques (1929-2004)

Descartes, René (1596-1650)

Dewey, John (1859-1952)

Dilthey, Wilhelm (1833-1911)

Diodoro, Siculo (I sec a.C.)

Diogene (c. 412-323 a.C.)

Dirac, Paul A. M. (1902-1984)

Doppler, Christian Johann (1803-1853)

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Michailovich (1821-1881)

Drucker, Peter Ferdinand (b. 1909)

E

Edison, Thomas Alva (1847-1931)

Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)

Empedocle (c. 495-c. 435 a.C.)

Engels, Friedrich (1820-1895)

Epicuro (341-270 a.C.)

Eraclito (c. 535-c. 475 a.C.)

Erasmo, (c. 1466-1536)

Euclide (c. 325-c. 265 a.C.)

F

Faraday, Michael (1791-1867)

Ferma, Pierre de (1601-1665)

Fermi, Enrico (1901-1954)

Feyerabend, Paul Karl (1924-1994)

Feynman, Richard Phillips (1918-1988)

Fichte, Johann (1762-1814)

Filone di Alessandria (ca. 20 a.C-50)

Ford, Henry (1863-1947)

Foucault, Michel (1926-1984)

Fourier, Baron Jean Baptiste Joseph (1768-1830)

Franklin, Benjamin (1706-1790)

Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939)

Friedman, Milton (b. 1912)

Fromm, Erich (1900-1980)

G

Galbraith, John Kenneth (b. 1908)

Galileo, Galilei (1564-1642)

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand – Mahatma (1869-1948)

Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777-1855)

Gell-Man, Murray (b. 1929)

Gesell, Silvio (1862-1930)

Ghent, William James

Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839-1903)

Gibran, Gibran Kahlil (1883-1931)

Giustino Martire, Santo (c. 100-c. 165)

Gobineau, Joseph Arthur, Comte de  (1816-1882)

Goddard, Robert H. (1882-1945)

Gödel, Kurt (1906-1978)

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832)

Guevara, Che – Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (1928-1967)

Gutenberg, Johannes (c. 1400-1468)

H

Hahn, Otto (1879-1968)

Hamilton, Alexander (1755-1804)

Hamilton, Sir William Rowan (1805-1865)

Hammurabi (reigned 1795-1750 a.C.)

Handel, George Frideric (1685-1759)

Hawking, Stephen William (b. 1942)

Hayek, Friedrich August von (1899-1992)

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831)

Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von (1821-1894)

Heidegger, Martin (1889-1976)

Heisenberg, Werner (1901-1976)

Henry, Joseph (1791-1878)

Herder, Johann Gottfried von (1744-1803)

Herodotus (c. 484-c. 425 a.C.)

Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph (1857-1894)

Hertzl, Theodor – Binyamin Ze’ev (1860-1904)

Hillel (c. 70 a.C.-10 A.D.)

Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679)

Homer (ca. 850-800 a.C.)

Huygens, Christiaan (1629-1695)

Hume, David (1711-1776)

Husserl, Edmund (1859-1938)

Huxley, Aldous Leonard (1894-1963)

I

Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman Abu Zayd ibn Muhammad (1332-1406)

Ippocrate (c. 460-c. 370 a.C.)

K

Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804)

Kepler, Johannes (1571-1630)

Kettering, Charles Franklin (1876-1958)

Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)

Kierkegaard, Søren Aaby (1813-1855)

King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968)

Kramer, Heinrich (morto nel 1505)

J

James, William (1842-1910)

Jaspers, Karl Theodor (1883-1969)

Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826)

Jomini, Baron Antoine Henri de (1779-1869)

Joule, James P. (1818-1889)

John Paul II, Pope – Karol Józef Wojtyla (b. 1920)

Josephus, Flavius (37-c. 95)

Jung, Carl (1875-1961)

L

Lagrange, Comte Joseph Louis (1736-1813)

Land, Edwin Herbert (1909-1991)

Lao-Tzu (c. 604-531 a.C.)

Laplace, Marquis Pierre Simon de (1749-1827)

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von (1646-1716)

Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924)

Liebig, Baron Justus von (1803-1879)

Lindblom, Charles Edward (b. 1917)

Liszt, Franz (1811-1886)

Livy (59 a.C.-17)

Locke, John (1632-1704)

Lonergan, Bernard Joseph Francis (1904-1984)

Lorenz, Konrad (1903-1989)

Lucrezio, Tito Caro (c. 99-c. 55 a.C.)

Lully, Jean-Baptiste (1632-1687)

Lutero, Martin (1483-1546)

Lyotard, Jean-François (n. 1924)

M

Machiavelli, Niccoló (1469-1527)

Madison, James (1751-1836)

Maimonides – Moses Ben Maimon – Abu Imran Musa ben Maimun ibn Abd Allah (1135-1204)

Malebranche, Nicolas (1638-1715)

Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834)

Manetho (3rd century a.C.)

Mani (c. 216-c. 276)

Marcion (c. 84-160)

Marcuse, Herbert (1898-1979)

Marx, Karl (1818-1883)

Maxwell, James Clerk (1831-1879)

Mayer, Maria Goeppert (1906-1972)

Medawar, Sir Peter Brian (1915-1987)

Meitner, Lise (1878-1968)

Mencius – Master Meng (c. 370-290 a.C.)

Mendel, Gregor Johann (1822-1884)

Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich (1834-1907)

Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873)

Minkowski, Hermann (1864-1909)

Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat (1689-1755)

Moore, George Edward (1873-1958)

More, Sir Thomas (1478-1535)

Morse, Samuel Finley Breese (1791-1872)

Moses – Osarseph, Egyptian priest (c. 1250 a.C.)

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791)

Mumford, Lewis (1895-1990)

N

Nader, Ralph (n. 1934)

Newton, Isaac (1642-1727)

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844-1900)

Noyce, Robert N. (1927-1989)

Nozick, Robert (n. 1938)

O

Ockham, Guglielmo (c.1285-c. 1349)

Oppenheimer, J. Robert (1904-1967)

Origene (c. 185-c. 254)

Orwell, George – Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950)

P

Pagels, Elaine Hiesey (n. 1943)

Paine, Thomas (1737-1809)

Pareto, Vilfredo (1848-1923)

Parmenide (n. c. 515 a.C.)

Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662)

Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895)

Pauli, Wolfgang (1900-1958)

Pauling, Linus C. (1901-1994)

Peirce, Charles Sanders (1838-1914)

Penrose, Sir Roger (a. 1931)

Penzias, Arno Allan (n. 1933)

Pitagora (569-475 a.C.)

Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858-1947)

Platone (427-347 a.C.)

Plotino (205-270)

Plutarco (c. 45-c. 125)

Poincaré, Jules Henri (1854-1912)

Poisson, Siméon Denis (1781-1840)

Popper, Karl Raymund (1902-1994)

Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865)

Q

Quine, Willard Van Orman (n. 1908)

R

Raiffa, Howard (n. 1924)

Rand, Ayn – Alyssa Rosenbaum (1905-1982)

Rawls, John (1921-2002)

Ricardo, David (1772-1823)

Ricoeur, Paul (n. 1913)

Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard (1826-1866)

Rockefeller, John Davison (1839-1937)

Rorty, Richard (n. 1931)

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-1778)

Russell, Bertrand Arthur William (1872-1970)

Rutherford, Ernest (1871-1937)

S

Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905-1980)

Schäfer, Peter  (n. 1943)

Scharper, Stephen Bede (n. 1960)

Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775-1854)

Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788-1860)

Schrödinger, Irwin (1887-1961)

Schumpeter, Joseph Alois (1883-1950)

Schweitzer, Albert (1875-1965)

Segrè, Emilio Gino (1905-1989)

Senofane, (c. 570 – c. 478 a.C.)

Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)

Smith, Adam (1723-1790)

Sofocle (c. 496-406 a.C.)

Soros, George (n. 1930)

Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903)

Spengler, Oswald (1880-1936)

Spinoza, Baruch – Benedictus de (1632-1677)

Sprenger, James (c. 1437-1495)

Steinmetz, Charles Proteus (1865-1923)

T

Tacitus, Publius Cornelius (c. 56-120)

Taylor, Frederick Winslow (1856-1915)

Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilitch – Pyotr Ilyitch (1840-1893)

Teller, Edward (n. 1908)

Tesla, Nicola (1856-1943)

Thoreau, Henry David (1817-1862)

Tipler, Frank J.

Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri Clérel de (1805-1859)

Tolstoy, Leo (1828-1910)

Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1889-1975)

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott (1919-2000)

Tucidide (c. 460 -c. 400 a.C.)

Turing, Alan Mathison (1912-1954)

V

Van de Graaff, Robert Jemison (1901-1967)

Veblen, Thorstein Bunde (1857-1929)

Voltaire – François Marie Arouet (1694-1778)

von Neumann, John (1903-1957) 

W

Wagner, Richard (1813-1883)

Washington, George (1732-1799)

Weber, Max (1864-1920)

Whitehead, Alfred North (1861-1947)

Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)

Wiener, Norbert (1894-1964)

Wigner, Eugene Paul (1902-1995)

Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick (1916-2004)

Wittgenstein, Ludwig Joseph Johan (1889-1951)

Wright, Orville (1871-1948)

Wright, Wilbur (1867-1912)

Z

Zedong, Mao – Mao Tse-tung (1893-1976)